Methodology

How PPRI builds evidence.

A transparent framework for collecting, comparing and communicating policy research.

1. Source hierarchy

Tier 1 — Primary Pakistani sources: Constitution and laws, Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, Finance Division, Election Commission of Pakistan, Parliament and provincial institutions. Tier 2 — International institutions: World Bank, IMF, ADB, UN agencies and comparable institutions. Tier 3 — Academic and specialist research: peer-reviewed research, universities and established think tanks.

2. Data standard

Every published dataset should identify publisher, title, reference period, geography, unit, source URL, access date, transformation or calculation, and limitations.

3. Policy analysis

PPRI separates documented fact, PPRI calculation, analytical interpretation and policy option so readers can distinguish evidence from judgment.

4. Territorial scenarios

Scenario maps are analytical models unless an authoritative legal source establishes a boundary. Each scenario should list included administrative units, assumptions, source geometry and limitations.

5. Public opinion

A survey result is not presented as representative of Pakistan unless the methodology supports that inference. Published results should disclose question wording, field dates, recruitment method, sample size, geography and limitations.

6. Corrections

Material errors should be corrected transparently. Revised publications should carry a version/date note.

7. Citizen sentiment & public-perception analysis

PPRI distinguishes between survey evidence, administrative grievance signals and media discourse. None of these are treated as nationally representative opinion without the methodology to support that claim.

Complete PPRI Policy, Data & Research Index Explore all 25 Policy Articles, 5 Research Reports, 10 Data Observatories, and Reform Frameworks

Policy Articles & Analysis